Infrastructure
What is Arc? A deep dive into the USDC-native L1 by Circle
Arc is the USDC-native L1 built by Circle. A deep dive into its Reth + Malachite architecture, EIP-7708 log-as-ledger design, backers, validators, and RPC access.
Arc is the USDC-native L1 built by Circle. A deep dive into its Reth + Malachite architecture, EIP-7708 log-as-ledger design, backers, validators, and RPC access.
Stable is a USDT0-native payments L1 with StableBFT consensus, sub-second finality, and no mempool. A dive into its architecture, backers, and changes for RPC infrastructure.
HIP-3 leaves HyperCore’s clearinghouse in place but moves market definition to external builders. Here’s what shifts, what stays, and where the trust boundary lands.
An agent wallet signs for a master without holding funds. The signature commits to exact bytes — Msgpack, nonce, target address, expiration. Here’s what each field controls.
Ethereum gets privacy on two fronts in 2026: validator anonymity via Vitalik’s Lean Chain, and confidential EVMs like Oasis Sapphire. Different problems, different users.
Robinhood Chain deep dive: Arbitrum Orbit L2 for tokenized stocks and RWAs. Architecture, Chainstack node access, ~100ms blocks, ERC-4337, and use cases for builders.